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Ductus venosus (DV) is one of the three shunts that are essential for differential oxygen organ-specific delivery adjustment during fetal circulation throughout intrauterine life. The assessment of the DV flow pattern is now routine and vital part of first-trimester screening ultrasonography, looking for abnormal reversal (‘true’ A wave). Flow reversal has been shown to be…
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In this write-up, it has been tried to answer common quarries after diagnosis of ICEF on sonography with the facts and studies available. Most of the time, personal statements and opinions are given with either completely ignoring the finding or giving too much importance to it. There is a conclusion at the end summarising the…
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Atria Ectopics Of all the arrhythmias diagnosed during pregnancy, the Atrial Premature Complex (APC) or Atrial ectopics represent 90 % and mostly reported as missed beats. Premature contractions are easily detectable by any modality of fetal screening and diagnosis of missed fetal beats is not uncommonly made during fetal auscultation. APCs are self-limiting and hemodynamically…
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Isolated complete heart block (CHB) is an immunological disorder in most cases. Mothers of affected fetuses often suffer from connective tissue – autoimmune disease (commonly Sjögren’s syndrome or Systemic lupus erythematosus), but most women may be clinically asymptomatic. However, almost all of them test positive for Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and autoantibodies to the SSA/Ro or…
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In any fetal echo case, the presence of LSVC alone is considered to be a variation of normal. However, it has been found to be associated with coarctation and TAPVC, and so if LSVC is seen in fetal echo, the triple vessel view must be seen carefully to rule out the possibility of associated coarctation…
Fetal Cardiac Care 